Which of the following conditions is characterized by infection in any part of the urinary system?

Cystitis is the condition characterized by infection in any part of the urinary system, most commonly affecting the bladder. It is often caused by bacteria that enter the urinary tract, leading to inflammation and infection. Symptoms may include frequent urination, urgency to urinate, pain during urination, and lower abdominal discomfort.

The other conditions listed refer to different aspects of urinary function and health. Diuresis relates to increased urine production, typically as a result of factors such as medication or conditions affecting the kidneys. Dysuria describes painful or uncomfortable urination, which may occur due to cystitis but is not specific to infection in the urinary system. Calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, refer to solid mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause obstruction or discomfort but do not represent an infection. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for identifying and describing urinary system conditions accurately.