What health issue may arise from prolonged dehydration?

Prolonged dehydration can lead to an electrolyte imbalance, which is a significant concern for overall health. Electrolytes are minerals in the body that carry an electric charge and are essential for various bodily functions, including muscle contractions, nerve function, and maintaining the balance of fluids. When a person is dehydrated, the concentration of electrolytes can become disrupted, either leading to decreased levels of important electrolytes or increasing the concentration of some. This imbalance can result in serious health issues, such as muscle cramps, confusion, irregular heart rhythms, and even seizures, depending on the severity and duration of the dehydration.

The other choices do not accurately reflect the immediate health complications associated with prolonged dehydration. Weight gain typically requires a caloric surplus and is not directly linked to hydration status. Fever can be a symptom of underlying infections and is less directly correlated with dehydration. Hyperactivity is often associated with excess energy or stimulation and does not relate directly to the effects of dehydration on the body. Understanding the consequences of dehydration highlights the importance of maintaining proper fluid intake for overall health.