What are calculi commonly known as?

Calculi are commonly referred to as kidney stones, which form in the kidneys when certain substances in the urine crystallize. This term encompasses a range of stone types, including calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite stones. The formation of these stones can lead to severe pain, urinary issues, and complications in the urinary tract.

While "gallstones," which are solid particles that form in the gallbladder, and "stones formed in the bladder," which may refer to bladder stones, are both types of calculi, the term 'calculi' is most frequently associated with those that occur in the kidneys. As for 'gallbladder sludge,' it’s a mix of bile substances but does not describe hardened stones. This distinction clarifies why kidney stones are the correct answer when interpreting the term "calculi."